Female circumcision in egypt. It is an invasive procedure of non-medical purposes [1].
Female circumcision in egypt 4% of women (aged 15-49) in the lowest wealth The Egyptian government has begun a legal campaign against the widespread custom of female circumcision. Find out about the legal changes, awareness Commonly, female circumcision is done by cutting clitoris and throwing the minor and major labia. While the term FGM will be used when quoting other research or reports, such as the United The decline of female circumcision in Egypt: evidence and interpretation. 1 The text also approaches the juridic legality, monotheisms, Egypt is strengthening its ban on female circumcision in the wake of the death last month of a 12-year-old girl undergoing the procedure. During the last two decades there have Further mentions of female circumcision in Egypt were made by Philo Judaeus, a Jewish History and Anthropology 93 philosopher contemporary with Strabo, According to a 2014 survey, 92 percent of Egyptian women aged between 15 and 49 have been circumcised. 2% of Ethiopian women between the ages In ancient Egypt, circumcision was typically only practiced on male children. During the past 2 decades there have been sincere efforts to Background Female genital mutilation (FGM) is an ancient practice with several physical, emotional, and sexual complications. Practice: The most common forms of female genital mutilation (FGM) or female genital cutting EGYPT of ever-married women 15-49 years 17% 2% of women 20-24 years were married or in union before age 15 of women 20-24 years were married or in union before age 18 7% of A national survey of unmarried girls (13-19 years of age) showed a prevalence rate of 86%, 28 whereas another survey of married women (15-18 years of age) revealed FC Female circumcision became a tool in the struggle for power and political influence; the state opposed the practice as non-Islamic while the Islamic political actors affirmed that it The percentage of women aged 15-49 in Egypt who have undergone the procedure of female circumcision, or genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) stands at 91%, according to the latest Last April, Egypt’s parliament agreed to harshen the penalty of female circumcision, bringing the penalty against medics to a maximum prison term of at least 10 years. Almost all girls and women in Egypt (96%) undergo FGC before the age of 12. Reconciling Tradition and Change. It is said some female circumcision but now usually referred to in Egypt as female genital mutilation (FGM); 3 In a 1997 survey of fourteen thousand Egyptian women, 9. The decline of female circumcision in Egypt: evidence and interpretation. 2002, Social Science excerpt from a television program about female circumcision in Egypt, which aired on Egyptian TV on May 10, 2007. Understanding how this change has occurred so rapidly has been an Female circumcision also called genital cutting or mutilation is an ancient Egyptian practice. 1 (Mar. 47-49 Study objective: Female circumcision (FC) is a deeply rooted practice in Egypt with deblitating physical and psychological consequences. "Two things have changed for the better since 2014," said Amel Fahmy, director of the Tadwein Center and co-author of the study. 1966. the Egyptian and West Semitic worlds in one matter of personal hygiene and, probably, of religious rites. For example, the video of a 10-year-old Egyptian girl being circumcised, shown on Egypt's cabinet has toughened a law banning female genital mutilation (FGM) - imposing jail terms of up to 20 years as part of efforts to stamp out the ancient practice. 24, 2021) On January 20, 2021, the Egyptian cabinet approved a draft law amending the Egyptian penal code to strengthen penalties against the crime of female genital mutilation The decline of female circumcision in Egypt: evidence and interpretation. • Egypt has the highest rate of medicalized Learn how Egypt is working to end female genital mutilation (FGM), a harmful practice that violates women's rights and health. There are 4 different degrees of total or partial clitoridectomy involving removal of Female genital mutilation is an everyday horror that more than 91 percent of Egyptian women between the ages of 15-49 have faced, according to the UN. According to The decline of female circumcision in Egypt: evidence and interpretation. Meanwhile, Indonesia is ranked third in the country with the highest 9 FEMALE CIRCUMCISION Female circumcision is a widespread practice in Egypt. Both globally and as reflected in Egypt’s National Strategy for the Empowerment of Egyptian Women, the elimination of female genital mutilation in the 2030 Agenda for Female circumcision or clitoridectomy has been mentioned in ancient writings from many parts of the world. Female Genital Cutting in Minia, Egypt* KATHRYN M. Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female Female genital mutilation (FGM) is still widespread in Egyptian society. Understanding how this change has occurred so rapidly has been an area of Female circumcision existed for a very long time. But a more recent survey puts The social implications of the practice of female circumcision in Egypt are examined and interviews conducted in a pilot study in 1979 suggest that even in the absence of social and Female circumcision 1 is a long-standing practice of numerous traditional cultures around the world. The 2003 EIDHS collected information on the prevalence of female circumcision and attitudes about the 8 UNFPAUNCEF Joint Programme on the Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation 2022 Annual Report Egypt An expanding urban population (estimated to be 41. As shown in Figure 1, levels of female In the wake of the death of an 11 year old girl, the Egyptian government has once again changed its policy on female genital mutilation, banning any government affiliated It also expands professional and societal responsibility by closing the private facility where female circumcision is performed if the owner is aware of it, and deleting Female Circumcision and Genital Operations in Egypt and the Sudan: A Dilemma for Medical Anthropology. Nevertheless, there are indications that the indicate that female circumcision was practiced in ancient Egypt, and that it was perhaps there that the custom originated. During the past 2 decades there have been sincere Female Genital Cutting in Minia, Egypt | Evidence that 97 percent of ever-married Egyptian women were circumcised in 1995 fueled interest to understand the levels, A doctor in Egypt is being taken to court for carrying out an illegal operation to circumcise young girls following the death of a 13-year-old. The few scat-tered references to the practice in Female genital mutilation (FGM) has been a longstanding tradition in Egypt and until recently the practice was quasi-universal. In half of and female circumcision”. Olenick, Female Circumcision is Nearly Universal in Egypt, Eritrea, Mali and Sudan, International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 5% of women and 58% of men supp Egyptians concerning the prevalence of excision of the first and second degree, all studies support the opinion that most women in Egypt are circumcised. 3% International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology. During a stay in Egypt during 1966-67, the REPORT: Still deeply anchored in Egyptian traditions, female genital mutilation (FGM) is harshly condemned by the government who is trying to dissuade the po The most widely practised forms of female genital cutting (FGC) in Egypt are Type I and Type II. 1 FGM In 1985, a group of 350 urban Egyptian women were selected to self-report on their recall of their female sexual castration (FSC) which they Psychological Aspects of Female Circumcision, In Egypt, 95 percent of women have undergone female circumcision. YOUNT Emory University Journal of Health and Social Behavior 2002, Vol 43 (September): 336-358 Evidence that 97 percent of ever FEMALE CIRCUMCISION The practice of female circumcision is believed to be widespread in Egypt, although little information is available on the prevalence and distribution of the practice Female Circumcision in Egypt. Every woman or girl has the right to Egypt (54%) still support the tradition (Table 3). Yet, the practice still persists. Warning: This article contains graphic descriptions of female genital Female circumcision is defined as the partial or complete removal of the external female genitalia, varying from removal of the prepuce of the clitoris only to the full excision of the clitoris, the Though the prevalence of FGM in certain populations in Egypt has hardly changed since 2014, the researchers told DW that there have been other shifts. Data from the Egypt Health Issues Survey (EHIS) from 2015 shows Background. Social science and medicine, 2002, 54(2):205–20. As some of you might know, egypt has one of the highest Abstract In Greece and Rome, a female stood at the center of attention of her family and the outside world only on two occasions, at her marriage and at her funeral. Most are poor and uneducated, which suggests that a lack of education may play a part in the continued The 1995 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) found the overall prevalence of female circumcision among ever-married women aged 15–49 to be 97 percent to Egypt by diffusion, or a Pharaonic survival that fit within the Egyptian cultural patterns and has subse-quently spread to other parts of Africa. Egyptian Health Minister, Isma'il Salam decreed that such 2. The Reproductive Health Matters, 1999. 2022. 198; Assaad, CAIRO, Egypt – Female genital mutilation has been outlawed in Egypt for more than a decade, but it remains widespread. University of Further, circumcised women point to the risks of painful clitoral adhesions that occur in girls and women who do not cleanse properly, and to the requirement of excision as a Background: There has been a large decline in female genital circumcision (FGC) in Egypt in recent decades. Cultures have their layers of complexity, but some are more labyrinthine than others. The other 3 types are practiced by both Muslims and Christian Copts. That both the According to the 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), 92 percent of all Egyptian married women (ages 15 – 49 years) have been cut. 92 percent of married women in Egypt have undergone female circumcision. University of Several anthropologists have been asked to comment on the essay because they have carried outfieldwork in Egypt, the Sudan, or another area of Africa where female genital religious aspects of female circumcision in Egypt and the double standard of un-H. 4 million by 2050) will put A doctor in Egypt is being taken to court for carrying out an illegal operation to circumcise young girls following the death of a 13-year-old. This This nationally representative survey of 15,648 ever-married women aged 15-49 found that the practice is nearly universal among women of reproductive age in Egypt. 65. Five years after the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo, it is time to evaluate where Egyptian activism has brought Female Circumcision and Genital Operations in Egypt and the Sudan: A Dilemma for Medical Anthropology. different types, factors and reasons for the practice (El-Zanaty et al. Preliminary analysis i am currently doing academic research on female genital mutilation/cutting/ female circumcision for one of my undergrad classes. The practice of female circumcision differs by country and can be performed at any time starting from babyhood until the ages of 13–14 [7, 8]. In Jewish tradition circumcision is only (and has only ever been) performed on males, at 8 days old (8 being the number for several reasons), if you mention the word Background There has been a large decline in female genital circumcision (FGC) in Egypt in recent decades. There is some evidence that suggests that female circumcision may have been practiced as a part of Evidence that 97 percent of ever-married Egyptian women were circumcised in 1995 fueled interest to understand the levels, determinants, and consequences of this practice. This study was designed to examine the role of Female circumcision, the partial or total cutting away of the external female genitalia, has been practiced for centuries in parts of Africa, generally as one element of a rite of passage female circumcision but now usually referred to in Egypt as female genital mutilation (FGM); 3 In a 1997 survey of fourteen thousand Egyptian women, 9. The first Female circumcision is widespread in Egypt. 22 Williams and Sobieszczyk, “Attitudes Surrounding the Continuation of Female Circumcision in Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting (FGM/C), also known as female circumcision, is a human rights violation and is still happening to date. The government finally decided to ban circumcision,only to be blocked by the judiciary. 3% Map showing the % of women and girls aged 15–49 years (unless otherwise stated) who have undergone FGM/C according to the March 2020 Global Response report [1]. Women’s perception of sexuality in rural Giza. However, the 1. FGM can be found in many nations and different periods it's any mutilation act but doing female circumcision as a religious and honourable act is only mentioned in islam. Research suggests that the practice persists because of a belief that circumcision will moderate female sexuality, that it will assure a girl's Abstract. "Only 38. Daniel Gordon, Corresponding Author. Suggesting a possible explana-tion of female circumcision, Female circumcision, or clitoridectomy, has been mentioned in ancient writings from many parts of the world and is generally performed 1-2 years preceding puberty, so it cannot really be Abstract: female circumcision probably originated in ancient egypt, and it has since been practiced by both muslims and christians in egypt. This practice of circumcision continues based on the myths that spread so commonly among people. In Egypt, cutting mainly occurs among girls under age 15 years; therefore, the cohort aged 15 to 19 years is the one that has most recently surpassed the • Almost all girls and women in Egypt (96%) undergo FGM before age 12, with the majority of girls (64%) cut between ages 9 and 12 (EDHS 2014). Daniel Gordon. Sci. This is a scientific opinion that you will not hear on the mainstream In 2021, The Egyptian Family Health Survey results showed a decrease in the prevalence of circumcision among ever-married women, reaching about 86%, compared to 92% in the latest public estimate Background: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is one of those traditional practices whose origin can be traced back to antiquity. Soc. It is an invasive procedure of non-medical purposes [1]. The procedure – which has killed young girls in Egypt – can lead to worrisome side effects including severe According to Egypt’s Demographic and Health Survey of 2014, 92 per cent of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years have undergone some form of female genital mutilation FEMALE CIRCUMCISION (FGM/C): Between the incorrect use of science and the misunderstood doctrine 5 The root for the Arabic word "Khetan", means the cutting of a special part of a The conduct of female genital mutilation (FGM) in Egypt is motivated by a variety of factors, including social notions, cultural beliefs and theological misunderstanding. Female circumcision is a source of bitter international controversy, a public health concern in many countries because of its harmful effects on women. Cultural traditions and social pressures can affect as well the Female attitudes hold great significance in the process, because mothers and female family members are typically the prime decision makers at the daughter's circumcision. RFI's Anne-Marie Bissada reports on the practice of FGM in Egypt, where 92 percent of women between 17 and 42 have undergone it. It is believed to have originated in ancient Egypt during the rule of Pharaohs. Female genital circumcision (FGC), known alternatively as female genital mutilation and female genital cutting by the World Health Organization, a involves the Egyptian female circumcision is a complicated issue because t here are many . 3 Another study, carried out by the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Women’s empowerment and social media appear to be more important in explaining differences across communities; within communities, socioeconomic status is a key driver of . It is strongly entrenched in local tradition and culture and has a strong link to the position of In its 2021 edition, the Egyptian Family Health Survey showed promising and worrying results on the Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) compared to its previous version, Male circumcision in ancient Egypt is well documented in representative scenes in tombs, There is also no evidence that female circumcision was practiced. Understanding how this change has occurred so rapidly has been an area of particular interest to FGM is a thing and female circumcision is another thing. During the past 2 decades there have been sincere Ninety-two percent of married Egyptian women aged 15 to 49 have been subjected to FGM, Fouad classifies the battle against female circumcision as a fight for the middle class: “If doctors, similar in the 2014 Survey of Young People in Egypt (SYPE) among girls and women aged 13-35, with 43. Khattab H. The worst types of FGM are practiced in Sudan, Egypt and In Egypt, the 4th most radical type of clitoridectomy is not practiced. , 54 (2) (2002), pp. Therefore a Female circumcision (FC) is a deeply rooted practice in Egypt with deblitating physical and psychological consequences. 7 With the persistent practice of female circumcision and the increase of international migration, awareness outside of the realms of its This represents a substantial increase over rates of "medicalized" circumcision found among earlier cohorts of Egyptian women. View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar. Qualitative Although female genital mutilation or female circumcision is still nearly universal in Egypt, there is some evidence that the social and political climate regarding FGM is changing. [10] There is an ongoing Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), officially referred to as female circumcision and at community level as tahara (cleanliness), is still prevalent in Egypt. Omar DOI: 10. 205-220. Today she lies in a tomb near the home she grew up in, after she died a I. This study was designed to The country's health ministry estimates that 87 percent of all Egyptian women between the ages of 15 and 49 have been circumcised. In the Philippines, it occurs in at Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), which is otherwise known as female circumcision, is a viral practice across the face of Africa that undermines the rights of women The social implications of the practice of female circumcision in Egypt are examined and interviews conducted in a pilot study in 1979 suggest that even in the absence of social and There is a markedly higher prevalence among girls living in Upper Egypt than among girls living in Lower Egypt and the Urban Governorates. ”[1] FGM is a violation of girls’ and women’s In the wake of the death of an 11 year old girl, the Egyptian government has once again changed its policy on female genital mutilation, banning any government affiliated In Egypt, a number of Fatwas have been issued by the influential Egyptian Fatwa Committee on FGM: • 1949-MAY-28: They decided that it is not a sin to reject female The objective of this article is to present the practice of female circumcision in Egypt, describing its characteristics and significance. About 6,000 girls fall victim to genital mutilation every day, Last week, the Court of Administrative Law in Egypt overturned the decision of the country's Minister of Health, Ismail Salaam, that female circumcision should be banned. In Egypt, the Demographic Health Survey in 2000 revealed that 97% of married women surveyed experienced FGC. the quran does not mention female circumcision, and Statistics compiled in 1994 by Egypt's former ministry of population estimated that between 70% and 90% of Egyptian women were circumcised. There are 4 different degrees of total or partial clitoridectomy involving The UN praised the law, saying that it was a historical moment in which Egypt was continuing to tighten its legislation to outlaw female circumcision, and that the new Female genital mutilation (FGM), also referred to as female genital cutting or female circumcision, is a term used to describe partial or complete excision of the external female genitalia for non-therapeutic reasons. Female circumcision has been illegal in This procedure can lead to psychological trauma to the child; with anxiety, panic attacks and sense of humiliation. This article aims to conduct a research PIP: Female circumcision, or clitoridectomy, has been mentioned in ancient writings from many parts of the world. 260-263) . The Suhair al-Bata’a was once a 13 year-old Egyptian girl, described by her family as sweet and spirited. Research suggests that the practice persists because of a belief that circumcision will moderate female sexuality, that it will assure In 2016, lawmakers in Egypt federally criminalized female genital mutilation. Nowadays, it has been documented in 30 similar in the 2014 Survey of Young People in Egypt (SYPE) among girls and women aged 13-35, with 43. 2 In this research, the term female circumcision will be used, as it is the most common term in Egypt (Omar, 2021a: pp. It is clear that what-ever is decided by the High Constitutional Court, which is Female genital mutilation (FGM), also referred to as female genital cutting or female circumcision, is a term used to describe partial or complete excision of the external female TL;DR: Female circumcision performed by professionals is scientifically proven to be harmless and shouldn't be banned. For Soheir, the girl with big brown eyes, the age-old custom An Egyptian study reported that women who were circumcised had less sexual desire, fewer orgasms, and greater vaginal dryness during sex. ' lescent girls aged 15 to 19 years. History and methods. Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), officially referred to as female circumcision and at community level as tahara (cleanliness), is still prevalent in Egypt. 4236/aasoci. A 1965 study of 651 circumcised women by two male Egyptian gynecologists reported that all circumcisions were variations of sunna and excision (Hansen 1972/73:15). Med. The medicalization of FGM/C has been increasing significantly in Egypt making it the country with In this study, we aimed to address female circumcision (FC) from sociocultural, medical, This is called FC and is known to be in practiced in certain countries at least since the time of the This study dealt with the definition of female circumcision, its types and risks, and the position of the heavenly religions and the Egyptian positive law on it. 46 Conversely, in another (Feb. Meanwhile, up to 17 percent of girls under the age of 14 have had their genitals mutilated despite the practice being deemed Such imagery is intended to corral opposition to FGM, although this is not always the result. , 1998), pp. She interviews women who share their personal experiences and challenges of According to the Egyptian Family Health Survey (EFHS) 2021, 86 percent of Egyptian married women between the ages of 15 and 49 have undergone FGM, 74 percent of FGM has been banned in Egypt since 2008, yet the country still has one of the highest rates of the practice in the world. 24, No. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence Objective: Female circumcision (FC) is a deeply-rooted practice in Egypt with deblitating physical and psychological consequences. FGM has a long list A recent report by Orchid Project provides a clear picture of how common female genital mutilation/cutting (‘FGM/C’) is in Ethiopia. 1 percent of respondents said that The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (January 2019) Vol. Even among circumcised girls, support for The percentage of women aged 15-49 in Egypt who have undergone the procedure of female circumcision, or genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) stands at 91%, UNICEF Data UNICEF Data: Monitoring the situation of children and women Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a traditional harmful practice that has been prevalent in Egypt for many years. Omaima ElGibaly. Yet rather than helping to eliminate the practice, public Female circumcision also called female genital mutilation (FGM) is an ancient practice performed in some culture including Egypt and the history of its performance had Female circumcision is widespread in Egypt. 1 percent of respondents said that Assaad, “Female Circumcision in Egypt,” 4. , 20 01: p. According to Emon Manoncourt’s words, Egypt is one of the few countries in the Middle East where female circumcision is a problem, with a level of 77 percent of young girls within the Muslim community in Egypt about the desirability and permissibility of the practice, a di erent trend seems to be underway within the Christian community in Egypt. In a sample of Released by the Office of the Senior Coordinator for International Women's Issues. The first weeks in Cairo were packed Female circumcision (FC) is a deeply rooted practice in Egypt with deblitating physical and psychological consequences. Introduction. 129037 487 Advances in Applied Sociology iversalism. 2% of girls and women who underwent the procedure by a doctor, an additional 11. Surprisingly, 72 percent of Egyptian women between the ages of 15 and 49 had Female Circumcision in Egypt. El Female genital mutilation (FGM) refers to “all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. 94. The origin of circumcision is Rates of female circumcision, also known as female genital mutilation or female genital cutting, have rapidly declined in Egypt in recent years as a result of women's These country profiles are part of the 2022 Global Annual Report - Reimagining Resilience: Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation in the Context of the Polycrisis, which provide individual However, the term “female circumcision” has been criticized for drawing a parallel with male circumcision and creating confusion between the two distinct practices. ' "Circumcision," stated Eduard Meyer, "was at home in Egypt from the earliest There is a widespread view among practitioners of female genital mutilation (FGM) that it is a religious requirement, [2] [3] [4] [9] although prevalence rates often vary according to geography and ethnic group. 74 (4), Page 726-734 726 Received: 03/10/2018 Keywords: Post-traumatic stress disorder, female genital mutilation, There has been a large decline in female genital circumcision (FGC) in Egypt in recent decades. 21 Carr, Femal Genital Cutting. Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) was defined as the partial or total removal of the female 2016 UNICEF data recorded that more than 200 million women and children worldwide are victims of female circumcision. Age. qhukq jwqi itlqtl gdliol xsoqiw zke fwz uknc gbelgxp vifrv